Cervical cancer seriously affects women's life and health

　　In China, women aged 15-44 have the second highest cancer incidence and the third highest mortality rate

　　HPV vaccination and early cervical cancer screening

　　can effectively prevent cervical cancer!

　　How does cervical cancer happen

　　Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) can lead to cervical precancerous lesions and invasive cancer.

　　Most women will be infected with HPV in their lifetime, but not all women infected with HPV will develop precancerous lesions or cervical cancer. More than 90% of infections will be cleared by the body within 2 years, and high-risk HPV infections lasting> 2 years without treatment may progress to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and high-grade cervical lesions can further develop into cervical cancer .

　　It usually takes 10-20 years from the beginning of HPV infection to the development of cervical cancer.

　　HPV can be divided into low- and medium-risk types and high-risk types according to its pathogenicity. Low- and medium-risk HPV infection can mainly induce low-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), including HPV subtypes 6, 11, 42, 43 and 44; high-risk HPV infection can lead to high-grade SIL, cervical carcinoma in situ and infiltration Cancer, including the 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68 subtypes of HPV.

　　About 90% of cervical cancers in the world are caused by 9 or more high-risk types of HPV. Among them, HPV16 and HPV18 are the most closely related to cervical cancer.

　　High risk factors for cervical cancer

　　1. Excessive smoking;

　　2, nutritional imbalance (folic acid deficiency, low selenium, low zinc, etc.);

　　3, have sex too early (<16 years old);

　　4, prolific;

　　5. Disordered sexual life, especially people with poor sexual hygiene and high-risk sexual partners;

　　6. Those suffering from sexually transmitted diseases;

　　7, long-term use of contraceptives;

　　8, genetic susceptibility;

　　9. Self-immunity.

　　Cervical cancer screening

　　Trilogy

　　1, liquid-based cytology

　　2, HPV test

　　3. Colposcopy and biopsy

　　Generally do 1 or 1+2 test first, and the test result indicates abnormality, then do 3.

　　Liquid-based cytology: Use a small brush to make a circle on the cervix to fully shed the cervical exfoliated cells on the brush into the fixing solution at the bottom of the bottle. Submit for inspection to see if the exfoliated cells have lesions.

　　HPV test: Use a small brush to take cervical mucus and vaginal secretions from the cervix, and submit for testing to see if there is HPV infection.

　　Precautions before inspection

　　1. If there is vaginitis or cervicitis, it should be treated first;

　　2, do not have sex 48 hours before the examination;

　　3. Do not wash the vagina or use vaginal suppositories within 24-48 hours before the examination, and do not do intravaginal consultation;

　　4. Check during non-menstrual period:;

　　5. Empty the bladder 10 minutes before the examination.

　　Cervical cancer prevention

　　1. Regular screening, early symptoms of cervical cancer (bleeding after sex, irregular menstruation, increased vaginal discharge) early detection and early treatment;

　　2, menopausal women have abnormal menstruation, and bleeding after sex needs to be vigilant;

　　3, late marriage, less childbearing;

　　4, vaccinate HPV vaccine;

　　5. Prevent cervical inflammatory diseases;

　　6. Avoid smoking.

　　　　How long is the regular screening?

　　The latest recommendation by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists:

　　Women younger than 21 years old do not need to be checked.

　　21-year-old women are recommended to start regular cervical cancer screening regardless of whether they have sex.

　　Women aged 21 to 29 have a cytological examination every 3 years. If there is any problem, further examination is required.

　　Women aged 30 to 65 should undergo HPV testing + cytology every 5 years (recommended); or cytology every 3 years. If there is any problem, further testing is required.

　　Women older than 65 years of age have had negative previous tests and can stop continuing the screening. Women who have had CIN2, CIN3 or cancer in situ should continue routine screening for at least 20 years.

　　Women with total hysterectomy and no CIN2 or higher grade disease should stop routine screening.

　　Women who have received HPV vaccine still need to be screened according to their age.